GDPR Foundations

What is GDPR and Why It Matters?

A practitioner’s orientation to the General Data Protection Regulation — its legal basis, the shift from the 1995 Directive, why enforcement is a genuine financial risk, and why GDPR compliance has become a commercial prerequisite for organisations serving European markets.
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Key Definitions and Core Concepts

A precise reference for the defined terms in Article 4 — personal data, processing, controller, processor, pseudonymisation, consent, and the distinctions that determine whether GDPR applies and who bears which obligations.
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Territorial Scope — Who Must Comply

How GDPR’s extraterritorial reach applies to organisations established outside the EU — including Indonesian companies that offer services to EU residents or monitor their behaviour — and what that means for compliance obligations.
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The Six Lawful Bases for Processing

A decision framework for selecting the right lawful basis under Article 6 — consent, contract, legal obligation, vital interests, public task, and legitimate interests — with the consequences of each choice for data subject rights and organisational obligations.
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Rights of Data Subjects

The nine rights that GDPR grants to individuals — access, rectification, erasure, restriction, portability, objection, and rights relating to automated decision-making — with response timelines, exemptions, and what each right requires operationally.
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Roles: Controller, Processor, and Joint Controller

How GDPR allocates responsibility between data controllers, data processors, and joint controllers — the legal definitions, the obligations that follow from each role, and the contractual requirements under Article 28.
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